Local wildlife tourism industry helps researchers study species behaviour.<\/p>\n
Researchers have uncovered more information about the numbers and habits of killer whales in south Western Australian waters, with a Curtin University study providing the first baseline assessment of the species\u2019 occupancy patterns in the Bremer Sub Basin area.<\/p>\n
Killer whales are known to congregate in the area, with the local marine environment providing them with a bountiful food source.<\/p>\n
Wildlife tourism vessels operating in the area were used to help collect the study data, a collaborative approach that allowed the researchers to learn more about the notoriously difficult to monitor cetaceans in the region, in a time and cost-efficient manner.<\/p>\n
Curtin University Adjunct Associate Research Fellow and Edith Cowan University Associate Professor Chandra Salgado Kent explained the aquatic mammals travel widely, and seasonally congregate in canyon-like areas that are not necessarily easy to access from shore.<\/p>\n
\u201cObservational studies are expensive, and because of this, they are often limited. Wildlife-based tourism, however, is happening in this area. By having observers board regularly scheduled tourism trips, our research successfully combined the research with industry,\u201d Associate Professor Salgado Kent said.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis approach not only has the potential to save researchers money in future observational studies, but having access to more observational data of local cetacean populations could potentially also save the whales.\u201d<\/p>\n
Professor Christine Erbe, Director of Curtin\u2019s Centre for Marine Science and Technology, in the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, said while there had been limited studies of marine wildlife in the area done in the past, the new research added more comprehensive information, creating a detailed snapshot of killer whales in the region.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe Bremer Sub Basin is full of flourishing biodiversity, with its deep and biologically active submarine canyons being a seasonally preferred place for many cetaceans to call \u2018home,\u2019 including sperm whales, beaked whales and killer whales,\u201d Professor Erbe said.<\/p>\n
\u201cHumans use the area too, for commercial fishing, transportation and other vessel traffic related to tourism, as well as past and potentially future seismic exploration. Human presence and the risk for associated impacts are growing in this area.<\/p>\n
\u201cNoting this, we set out to create a baseline study to gain a better understanding of what cetacean species were present in the area and what subsea features drive their occupancy, allowing future research studies to measure more accurately and project the potential impacts that these human activities may be having on local whale populations.\u201d<\/p>\n
Lead field researcher Curtin PhD candidate Ms Rebecca Wellard explained the study was carried out over a three-year period in the summer and autumn seasons by experienced observers on a commercial wildlife tourism boat and a designated research ship.<\/p>\n
All voyages departed from Bremer Bay, following pre-determined routes that converged on the heads of the Hood and Henry canyons. Vessels did not exceed 15 knots, and all surveys were conducted during daylight hours.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe observers continuously scanned the surface of the water for cetaceans with the naked eye, and with binoculars, logging relevant sighting details such as the date, time, GPS position, group size, group composition and their behavioural state,\u201d Ms Wellard said.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe behaviour state of the killer whales was assigned to one of four categories; we noted if they were travelling, foraging, socialising or milling around.\u201d<\/p>\n
A seven-day aerial survey was also undertaken over the Bremer Canyon during the research period, with one pilot and two trained observers in a twin-engine high-wing Cessna 337 aircraft, fitted with bubble windows.<\/p>\n
\u201cQuantifying human-induced effects on whale populations is difficult, yet it is necessary, in order to implement optimal management strategies that can hopefully avoid species decline in the Bremer Sub Basin area,\u201d Ms Wellard said.<\/p>\n
\u201cNow with the baseline study complete and in place, we hope to understand more about the South West\u2019s cetaceans and continue to monitor them, and ultimately attempt to save the mammals from any unintentional future environmental harm.\u201d<\/p>\n